Western Civilization Role in the World Major Conflicts Essays

Western Civilization Role in the World Major Conflicts Essays Western Civilization Role in the World Major Conflicts Essay Western Civilization Role in the World Major Conflicts Essay World has encountered a few clashes, of all the significant clashes none had changed the world more than the universal wars and the virus war. Western human advancement assumed an incredible job the extent that these three clashes in the twentieth century were concerned. These wars were for the most part battled in Europe and Asia. The century encountered a portion of the most noticeably awful clashes throughout the entire existence of humanity some of which changed the substance of the world for quite a while. The world forces battled every others in a clash of matchless quality. Various forces represented various belief systems where each needed to abrogate the different most definitely. The period going before the primary world was described by significant changes that occurred in Europe. These progressions influenced all the parts of life, monetarily, experimentally, socially among different regions. A mechanical unrest had quite recently been seen in Europe and was spreading to different pieces of the world. Numerous western countries had been engaged with the production of advanced weapons trying to shield themselves from their foes. The First World War was without anyone else a demonstration of might as far arms were concerned. The extraordinary countries took this risk to show of their innovative advancement too their military quality. It was during this war Germany put to test a portion of the weapons that had been created by its capable military weapon experts, for example, automatic rifles and fatal gases. Then again the British just because utilized tanks in the fighting. The two nations without precedent for the historical backdrop of the fighting acquaint ed new airplanes with test their capacity to be utilized in a significant war. Politically partnerships were being made by various Europeans capacity to protect their inclinations. One of the significant collusions included the Germans and the Austrians where they marked arrangements making the double Alliance. This was to sideline Russia one of the western countries that was viewed as a danger to progression of Germany and its expansionist desire. This partnership later came to consolidate the Italians who were significant resource for the Germans as they battled close by in bunch that came to be known as the Triple Alliance. (Stefan, B 2006) The contentions of the twentieth century particularly the two universal wars were basically because of the aspiring plans by the German country to grow its points of view possessing different countries and ruling them. They were targeting forcing their standard on them and driving these countries to embrace their ways. Russia was likewise intrigued by certain pieces of the mainland, Austrian Hungary was caught up with attempting to broaden it power and in the process they were hiving portions of the Ottoman Empire something that didn't go unchallenged. Every country was caught up with attempting to confirmation themselves to the rest; they were keen on overwhelming the mainland. This opposition was likewise reached out to different pieces of the world particularly districts where the European forces were keen on foundation of states. They couldn't concede to who should take which locale. They were targeting stretching out their capacity to these districts and simultaneously acquaint western human advancement with zones that they thought about in reverse. Western human advancement factor didn't stop toward the finish of the First World War, this idea kept on developing and forming the substance of the world. After the Great War country didn't stop now, they kept on battling for incomparability where other European countries were resolved to rebuff Germany and her partners for the job they played in the incredible universal war. The war had left one of the incredible civic establishments in Europe intensely wounded with the end goal that one would have discounted it. The country was resolved in its recuperation program, they did everything conceivable to ascend and rise as one of the most predominant force in Europe. (Stefan, B 2006) Adolf Hitler mean to make Germany the most remarkable country in Europe could have lighted another war that spread to different pieces of the world and had crushing impacts than the Great War. Much the same as the main world countries were targeting exceeding each other as far as military force, financial and mechanical progression. Again on the planet history western human advancement had prompted another opposition between various forces something which in the end prompted a full scale war that contacted all aspects of the world. The detached idea of the western forces at around this period permitted Germany to break the greater part of the arrangements that had been made to forestall another war. England was having issues at home with the end goal that whatever Hitler was doing most definitely was not such a trouble. Hitler kept on equipping himself in planning to extend his points of view making his nation an incredible country in Europe again. He was resolved to get this at all expense. Indeed, even with the finish of the Second World War western human progress still solid, it was taking another shape with the passage of United States in the field. Another type of contention was rising where two contradicting philosophies were out to conflict. On one side we had the socialism which was taking steps to rule the world and on the opposite side we had the private enterprise which was being spread as a feature of the western culture. Soviet Union and other socialist powers on the planet were facing the free enterprise powers which were driven by United States to a sort of government assistance that has been portrayed as cool war. This war went on for an extensive stretch when contrasted with different wars as it kept going up to the eighties when the socialist forces crumbled. Germany simply like in the past wars was effectively associated with this tranquil fighting yet in this time as an isolated country. One side of this country, the western was slanted towards the fr ee enterprise world where the eastern piece of Germany was constrained by the socialist forces. (Bartlett, C (1977) The endeavor to spread western human advancement to different locales and the opposition that existed among the European forces prompted the contentions that had extremely wrecking impacts even with the world. Some of which changed the course of history and brought another agreement that have ruled the force hovers on the planet. These three clashes carried both positive and negative impacts to United States and the world on the loose. It is because of these wars that America developed as one of the ground-breaking countries on earth. Its strength arrived at be perceived toward the apocalypse war when its intercession brought the contention that had left Europe exhausted. (Bartlett, C 1977). One of the basic impacts of the three clashes is the loss of lives and devastation of property. The extraordinary universal war had a large number of individuals from no matter how you look at it losing their lives. This is certainly not a modest number given the total populace around then. The individuals who lost their lives included warriors who were in the war zones and regular citizens who were either engaged with the war. Others were slaughtered by factors legitimately identified with the war, for example, starvation and maladies which were as immediate consequence of the war. Taking a gander at the Second World War lives were lost as well yet for this situation in extraordinary extent than in the First World War because of the degree of innovative progression most definitely. The weapons utilized at this specific war were a lot of ruinous contrasted with those utilized in the past war. This implied substantial setbacks on the two warriors and regular folks. It is assessed that near fifty million individuals may have passed on in this war. This figure incorporates the setbacks endured after Japan was shelled by the United States utilizing nuclear bombs. Mentally the impacts of the universal wars were like those of upheaval in America. There was a developing feeling of doubt towards political class and government authorities among the individuals who saw the loathsomeness and annihilation that went with the wars. Numerous individuals were troubled that the peacemakers had not communicated their notions to the fullest asking why the war was permitted in any case. To them it could have been evaded definitely. A sentiment of disillusionmentâ was felt over the globe as individuals came into resolution that their legislatures were not keen on serving them rather they were simply after brilliance that accompanies winning of a war. The loss of friends and family was upsetting to numerous families which were influenced .The fate of the families whose individuals were executed in the wars was not brilliant; they simply acknowledged the truth inauspiciously hopeful that their fantasies will last. (Stewart, R 2003) Innovation headway was enlisted after the war particularly on the military equipment. With the finish of the First World War nations that partook occupied with military progression each exceeding the different undoubtedly. This likewise remembered innovative headway for different territories which didn't include weapons. For instance creation of autos, airplanes, radios and different items was helped. The benefit of large scale manufacturing and utilization of machine underway animated the economies causing them to develop at an enormous rate. After the finish of the Second World War two super powers developed, one would have expected that the two countries would cooperate to encourage world harmony however the two countries got threatening to one another. Every single one of them fired structure up colossal stockpiles and solid ballistic missles.The two super powers were dubious of one another. They were contending with one another most definitely. This circumstance won for such a long time with the end goal that there was a dread of a third world war eruptin

Compare and Contrast Between the Socs and Greasers in the Outsider free essay sample

Have you at any point thought once that the Greasers and Socs (from â€Å"The Outsiders†) would ever have similitudes? These rich children and denied children will ever share something for all intents and purpose. All things considered, you’re going to discover every one way of life, character and society treatment. How every one of them lives, how they are treated by the general public and how the two of them feel. The Socs are incredibly wealthy children in the west side, making them ruined and every one of their requests are brought and done. To give a guide to that is Bob Sheldon, and his posse ride with a bronco, for high school kid this is extravagant. While, the Greasers are a gathering of oppressed youngsters who have some that work for their living, yet at the same time don’t get half of what the Socs get. A large portion of them have exceptionally long and oily hair since they couldn’t stand to shave. Which shows enormous distinction in way of life. We will compose a custom paper test on Thoroughly analyze Between the Socs and Greasers in the Outsider or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Furthermore, here comes their general character, beginning with Socs. To keep up in their life they need to bolt their feelings up inside until they are numb to their belongings. They recall the sentiment of outrage the hit the feeble ones in the general public; the Greasers. They hop on the Greasers and simply begin hitting them and threatening them. In contrast to the Socs, the Greasers are excessively enthusiastic, they take everything genuine. What's more, when they attempt express it they fall into genuine difficulty, it is the reason falter got captured an over about multiple times. Have in thought that the two of them are beginning to become ill of their lives and how every life it. For instance Cherry is exhausted of imagining not being the means by which she is for her companions as is Ponyboy, he professes to be not in affection with writing and music before his loved ones not feel strange our his companions. Here will be talked about how society treats the two teams of characters. The Greasers were constantly known as horrible hooligans in the area while they are simply misjudged kids in an inappropriate spot and furthermore with realize one to instruct them. Then again the Socs. need to satisfy an ideal vision individuals see of them, they need to stand up others individuals elevated requirements, Which truly slaughters them in within. It reminds me when Cherry was in the cinema conversing with Ponyboy, she didn’t shroud cherishing strange music nor understanding writing. She disclosed to her companions that by any means, as she is a team promoter. At long last, subsequent to looking into Greasers and the Socs we reason that both the Socs and the Greasers have totally various ways of life. Shockingly, they share something for all intents and purpose; not being who they are with their dearest companions and furthermore are not inclination to be judged. It shows us no mater how rich or poor you will be you despite everything are a typical individual like every other person, no distinction in having emotions.

Keeping Up With Responsibilities

Keeping Up With Responsibilities My time in college has certainly been busy. Between homework, projects, part-time jobs, friends, and family, there is always something to worry about. When I was in high school, I didnt have all the responsibilities I have now. However, the opportunities Ive been given make the stress worth it. Its been a long adjustment to keep up with due dates, work schedules, and everything in between. Here are some ways I organize my life and stay on top of my work: 1. Plan out study times. I make sure that when I have a break between classes, I write down all of the work that needs to be completed that week in my planner. Having a schedule written out ensures that I am aware of all the homework I have and dont skip anything. 2. Take time for yourself. Theres nothing like having a little alone time. Its okay to cancel plans or say no if you need some time to reflect and relax. Its good to know your limits. When Im feeling stressed, I like to get my nails done or watch Netflix. 3. Make friends with your classmates. This has helped me a ton. The people I have classes with are great resources. We can study together, remind each other about due dates, and talk about anything we are confused about after class. These people understand what youre going through and likely feel the same way you do. I hope some of these tips help you when you start college courses! Transitioning from high school life to college can be extremely difficult, but knowing youre not alone is important. -Alex Alex Class of 2017 My major is Social Work and I love every minute of it. I grew up in a really small town called Braidwood, Illinois. Before I attended the University of Illinois, I went to Joliet Junior College.

Keeping Up With Responsibilities

Keeping Up With Responsibilities My time in college has certainly been busy. Between homework, projects, part-time jobs, friends, and family, there is always something to worry about. When I was in high school, I didnt have all the responsibilities I have now. However, the opportunities Ive been given make the stress worth it. Its been a long adjustment to keep up with due dates, work schedules, and everything in between. Here are some ways I organize my life and stay on top of my work: 1. Plan out study times. I make sure that when I have a break between classes, I write down all of the work that needs to be completed that week in my planner. Having a schedule written out ensures that I am aware of all the homework I have and dont skip anything. 2. Take time for yourself. Theres nothing like having a little alone time. Its okay to cancel plans or say no if you need some time to reflect and relax. Its good to know your limits. When Im feeling stressed, I like to get my nails done or watch Netflix. 3. Make friends with your classmates. This has helped me a ton. The people I have classes with are great resources. We can study together, remind each other about due dates, and talk about anything we are confused about after class. These people understand what youre going through and likely feel the same way you do. I hope some of these tips help you when you start college courses! Transitioning from high school life to college can be extremely difficult, but knowing youre not alone is important. -Alex Alex Class of 2017 My major is Social Work and I love every minute of it. I grew up in a really small town called Braidwood, Illinois. Before I attended the University of Illinois, I went to Joliet Junior College.

The Declaration Of The United States - 990 Words

complete 16. The UN passed the Resolution 2065 which notified members of the organization to end any form of colonialism 16. However after constant negotiations, nothing was ever done. If anything, only confrontations began to surface. On March 26th, General Galtieri of Argentina made the decision to invade the Falklands 4. On April 2nd, Argentina invaded the islands breaking off all relations with Britain. First, Argentine troops occupied the islands capital, Stanley, and imprisoned the islanders for weeks until the arrival of the British troops4. With these attacks happening, Britain’s allies came in hand and showed support by announcing opposition towards Argentina. On April 10th, the European Economic Community approved trade sanctions against Argentina. Britain received support from America when President Ronald Reagan abandoned the shuttle diplomacy that was once proposed between Britain and Argentina 4. After several actions of resistance, the Argentines were defeated b y the British and surrendered on June 14th 1982. As a result of the war, nearly 1,000 lives were lost 4. US vs. Latin America After the war, the main priority for Britain was the reconstruction where it turned out to be quicker than expected. As we saw the history of the dispute, US interests were in favor of Britain when both Presidents Andrew Jackson and Ronald Reagan declared Argentina’s actions as unlawful. However according to the public, it seems that the Obama Administration have changedShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of The United States Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Thomas Jefferson drafted the declaration, with a preamble by John Adams and editing by Benjamin Franklin and other members of Congress, it outlines the offenses of King George III to justify the vote for independence that had taken place two days earlier. The Declaration closed the door on reconciliation with Great Britain, with the colonies already one year into war. The declaration paved the way for the creation of the United States of AmericaRead MoreDeclaration Of The United States1530 Words   |  7 PagesDeclaration of War It is very well known within the American public that Congress is the only one who has the power to declare war. Interestingly enough, ever since World War II congress has yet to formally declare war on anyone. 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The basis of the document being all men were equal with unalienable rights is the backbone for our country and we had maintained it as our backbone. It may have been a bit of a r ough road on the way but it had been done. He not only claimed we had remainedRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States897 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence stated the United States should be established as a country, free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, but it is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherenceRead MoreThe United States Of The Declaration Of Independence1404 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 4th, 1776 the American Colonists ratified The Declaration of Independence. This Declaration severed their final ties to England and idealized the formation of an equal society, independent of a corrupted centralized gov ernment like that of Britain. In order to accomplish this perfect nation, the Americans followed the Declaration with the creation of The Articles of Confederation. The Confederation s purpose was to guide the young republic to a decentralized government that upheld the

Sociology and Psychology - 823 Words

Sociology and psychology is the study of the mind and the environment around us which makes us who we are. These theories assist us to understand behaviour from individual and societal levels. Sociology is a study of society social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behaviour and allows us to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics of today’s society, looking at the interlinking links patterns of human behaviour. Sociology looks at the in which social structure and institutions affect our everyday life. Sociological imagination was founded by C. Wright mills in the 1950`s it is an overall understanding of that some of the things that happen in society may lead to a particular outcome. Mills said†¦show more content†¦Both the patients and the nurses have varying expectations of what the patient’s hospital role will be. In relation to nursing practice is that when you are providing care to a patient, you also have to have an understanding of their psychological behaviour. You need to look at the patient as a whole and you need to be aware of what behaviour’s our culture today believes is OK for a person who is to display when they are unwell that dont necessarily have anything to do with the actual symptoms of their medical condition. Psychology is the study of the science of the mind and the resulting behaviour. Looking to understand and explain to an extent how we think, act and feel. There are many branches of psychology looking at treatments of mental health issues, studying a variety of issues that may impact our health and daily life’s. The humanistic approach looks at the client’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours that they are experiencing just now and in the past. An important part in this perspective is the importance of the â€Å"self† this looks at who we think we are. The person centre approach was developed primarily by Carl Rogers he worked on the belief that if everyone was giving the correct environment as such that we can all grow. The two most influential figures in this approach is Abraham Maslow andShow MoreRelatedPsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them isRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology is a broad field that incorporates aspects of both the sciences of Sociology and Psychology. This field of study is designed to help answer the question as to why people display certain behaviors due to their interaction with others. This field of study is very interesting due to its practicality, in regards to real-life demonstration, usage, and observation. In my life, I have held several jobs that have been heavily influenced by the dynamics of those who were around me. One jobRead MoreSocial Psychology : Sociology And Psychology3827 Words   |  16 Pages2. Social Psychology draws from many different disciplines. These include anthropology, biology, neurology, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. The two main disciplines that have influenced social psychology are sociology and psychology. According to the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of human society,† (6). This encompasses all aspects of society such as its institutions (religion, government, school, families, etc.). Also, how society is stratified, or arranged, according to suchRead MorePsychology, Sociology, And Anthropology3327 Words   |  14 PagesThe general definition of psychology states that psychology is the study of human behavior, not the study of groups of humans (that is better coved by sociology and anthropology). Now, organizational psychology is the study of human behavior in an organizational context. There is one problem with that; an organization isn’t a single person, an organization is composed of multiple people. By definitio n organizational psychology is not actually psychology because it does not focus on the individualRead MorePersonal Statement : Psychology And Sociology1902 Words   |  8 PagesAs a junior in high school, I have recently become interested in psychology. While studying psychology/sociology this previous year, I have become drawn to the topic of human potential. After gathering what I have learned, it turns out most people want to live their life to the fullest by becoming all they can be. To reach this fulfillment of a higher/better self is known as self-actualization. A major problem for many people today is reaching their full potential, although the potential alreadyRead MoreElements of Psychology and Sociology in The Lord of the Flies1386 Words   |  6 PagesElements of Psychology and Sociology in The Lord of the Flies In viewing the aspects of the island society, the author William Goldings Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society. He chooses to set the children alone in an unsupervised world, leaving them to learn ‘ the ways of the world’ in a natural setting first hand. Many different perspectives can also be considered. Goldings island of marooned youngsters becomes a microcosm. The island represents the individual human and theRead MoreImpact of Sociology and Psychology Factors on Leisure/Tourism Activity2296 Words   |  10 Pagesparts in sociological aspect which are time, socio-economic and gender. In psychology aspect, it will emphasise on motivation and satisfaction. Through the conveyance of our study and research, the perspective held throughout this essay will agree with the statement that â€Å"All individuals have the opportunity to participate in these leisure experiences and can benefit from them if they make the effort†. Sociology Sociology is the study of the social lives of humans, groups, and societies, sometimesRead MoreAnalysis Of Emile Durkheim s Theories On Sociology And Psychology1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthey take depending on the groups they studied. Durkheim, a French sociologist, who is one of the founders of sociology, claimed that meaningful human practices can be understood in sociological, biological and psychological terms. 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Hence, Educational psychology in turn notifies of specialtyRead MoreSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHowever new you are to sociology it is probable that you have an idea, however vague and general, regarding what sociology is supposed to be about. It may be that you have an idea that sociology is about people. And you would be right to think so. We might start then by noting that sociology is one of the human sciences and as such it is a subject to be distinguished from the so-called physical sciences. Sociology is the study of humanity. However this description of sociology is only partially

Chapter 1 Business Ethics - 2294 Words

chapter 1 BUSINESS ETHICS, THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT, AND STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT |TOPICS COVERED | 1.1 Business Ethics and the Changing Environment 1.2 WHAT IS BUSINESS ETHICS? WHY DOES IT MATTER? 1.3 LEVELS OF BUSINESS ETHICS 1.4 FIVE MYTHS ABOUT BUSINESS ETHICS 1.5 WHY USE ETHICAL REASONING IN BUSINESS? 1.6 CAN BUSINESS ETHICS BE TAUGHT AND TRAINED? 1.7 PLAN OF THE BOOK |lecture outline | 1.1 Business Ethics and the Changing Environment Businesses and governments†¦show more content†¦b. the most frequent types of misconduct observed are abusive or intimidating behavior (21%), misreporting hours worked (20%), lying (19%), and withholding needed information (18%). c. employees in organizations undergoing merger, acquisition, or restructuring observe misconduct and feel pressure at nearly double the rate of those in more stable organizations. d. younger managers with low tenure in their organizations are twice as likely to feel pressure to compromise ethics standards. e. nearly half of all non-management employees do not report misconduct they observe. f. younger employees with low tenure are among the least likely to report misconduct. g. less than 58% of employees who report misconduct are satisfied with their organization’s response. h. senior and middle managers have less fear of reporting misconduct, are more satisfied with the response of their organizations, and feel that honest and respect are practiced more frequently than do lower level employees. 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The exam reflects the following course objectives and possible topics: TCO 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13 and 15 Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 Given a description of a typical business, demonstrate how that business acts within our economic system to achieve its goals as well as those of society, along with an understanding of how the future may impact these goals. * Understand theRead MoreCase: 9 Enron928 Words   |  4 PagesCase 9: Enron; Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse Bruce Smith Minnesota School of Business BS430 Business Ethics MR. Morris November 25, 2012 1. 2. 1. How did the corporate culture of Enron contribute to its bankruptcy? Effective leaders are good at getting followers to their common goals or objectives in the most effective and efficient way; unfortunately for Enron, in the end Ken Lay and Jeffery skilling were too focused on profits that nothing else mattered. In the

Bribery And Corruption

Question: Bribery and corruption in the public sector is endemic and unavidable in all societies? Answer: Introduction Bribery has always been considered as one of the oldest concept having a long past. Since recent times, it has highly been becoming an intense problem all across the globe. In reference with the concept of bribery, more often, there might be involvement of certain current governments or scandals of corruption in politics in the past. However, as there has been development and advancement in international trade, bribery has entered the parameters of international business as well (Basu, 2011). In addition to this, the concept of corruption seems to be involved in the private sector as well. In the private sector, corruption is known to be taking a number of different forms and bribery is one of these forms. Corruption results in distorting markets and have negative effect on the entire society. This essay will be discussing the issue of corruption and bribery within the public sector as being unavoidable and endemic in each and every society. Factors Initiating Bribery and Corruption There is a list of four forms of the corruption. The number one form is grease payments and bribery. Bribery is the one form of payments sought by the officials of public or in another way offered by the agents of private company in recovery for favours acting as the contract of the government. Payment of grease is the money given to the agents of public for do work that the agents of public are earlier paid for doing this, acting as publish a license (Basu, 2011). In the second form there is grand and petty corruption. Corruption of petty is the concussion of an agent of public with a public member for corrupt the system over small transactions that are related to each other. It accordingly in many cases involves the public agent of lower level. Corruption of grand is the sabotage of the system by the agents of government at senior level, heads of state and ministers. Bureaucratic corruption is the third form of the corruption. This the misconduct of responsibility by the agents for public to circumvent or bend regulations and rules in dealing for some benefits (Abbink, 2006). In occurs mainly in the areas where there are rewards of consideration and discretion of punishment under the control of an agent. Last but not the least is the corruption in the political departments. This is the dealings of authority and influence by the leaders of political party and may increase to the favours of granting, no regularities in the financing of campaign and fraud of electoral. There are five cImpact of Demandonditions that facilitate the corruption and they are listed below: Political factors Conditions of politics that encourage corruption include weal civil liberties, in a particular form the level of freedom of press, the strength of every citizens to design the organizations of civil society, and the level of competition of political structure. Accountability and lack of transparency also include by them on the part of agents of government especially where the state have been captured by the ruling elite (Abbink, 2004). Bureaucratic factors Bureaucratic factors include the extension of the bureaucracy of the state with increase of attendant in the powers of discretionary for the bureaucrats. Bureaucracy growth allows select every individuals to earn direct approach to resources of state and to enjoy the privileges of consideration associated with the office of administrative. Legal factors The quality of a legal system of country, in a particular form the circumstance of being punished and caught meaningfully, resolve the corruption level (Abbink, 2012). This is turn related to the presence of effective laws of anti-corruption, an independent judiciary and an effective police. Economic factors Economic development level affect the sectors and forms where corruption is very common. Corruption of petty is mainly common in countries that are developing while in the countries that are developed, when the incomes goes higher it means that the corruption influence to be of a large scale (Abbink, 2006). Transnational factors Even with achieving independence, most of the countries in development suffer from new colonialism of the corruption so they deal with corruption of systemic introduced during their occupation or colonization (Apesteguia, 2007). Many of the big companies have thus given bribes to win business in the countries of third world. Impact of Demand-Side and Supply-Side Corruption Journalists, academics, businessmen, and politicians have been displaying an unusual unanimity when these contribute in condemning corruption as the probability of the most particular obstacles to the continuous growth in the economy across the globe. In the current era of globalization, the organizations of business along with their representative on frequent basis have been encountering the acts of corruption and can be considered as the simple participants, victims or perpetrators in these acts or actions (Barr, 2009). While there has been existence of international corruption in a number of different forms for a number of years, many international organizations, nations, organizations and individuals have currently been making attempts for the reduction or elimination of corrupt activities as these have harmful impact over the quality of life being maintained by the citizens and the economies at local level. A number of these types of efforts have resulted in being guided towards the supply- side of corrupt acts that is, the one making the payments of corruption. A transaction of corruption, in the typical sense involves the side of supply, that is the one paying the bribe, and the side of demand, that is the one receiving the bribe. Recent efforts of anti- corruption contribute in primarily addressing the side of supply (Basu, 2011). However, there is huge concern towards a particular focus being created on the side of supply regarding the international corruption cannot be considered as being effective in detecting and preventing the network and links of corruption. EffectivenessIn deterring bribery and corruption Irrespective of the stringent policies of the corporate world, managers have been showing temptation for doing whatever they consider important for closing a specific deal and then finding a way across in order to get caught. For a number of corporations, corruption and bribery are ranked amongst the highest significant risks and it has been found that there has been an increase in the prominence of these risks as well (Brenner, 2009). Even though in the virtual sense, not even a single business is free from risks related with bribery and other payments that are corrupt, the risk is specifically high and significant for the multinational organization and those in certain industries such as extraction of resource, retail and construction. In majority of the cases of bribery, it has been found that there are more chances of small payments being made by ordinary people to the officials, such as an amount being provided to the policemen for expunging an infraction at minor level. While the condoning of these activities is difficult, these particular practices have been identified as basic element of economy in a number of different regions or areas (Buccirossi, 2006). From the perspective of corporate worlds, there are less chances of representing a significant level of concern or risk. Looking for solution and dealing with the issue of the economy is not an easy task. Paying and receiving bribes, along with other diff erent types of facilitation benefits and fees, are a well- development element of business culture as well as the culture of government in a number of different parts across the globe. And irrespective of increasing the rules, legislations, and their enforcement, the extent to which payments of corruption and bribery have not been declining. In majority of the organizations across different nations and economies, this problem has been seen to be increasing with the passage of time, rather than being reduced. Irrespective of implementing the highly stringent policies of corporate bodies, being tempted towards this activity is important for the closure of a specific deal and hence, finding a way across to get caught is always there (Gorodnichenko, 2007). In the most preferable manner, the risks that arise out of payments of corruption and bribery are not dealt with solely and in isolation but as a significant element of a complete process for identifying, monitoring and managing the number of different risks in the faces of corporation. Conclusion The concept of corruption seems to be involved in the private sector as well. In the private sector, corruption is known to be taking a number of different forms and bribery is one of these forms. Corruption results in distorting markets and have negative effect on the entire society. While there has been existence of international corruption in a number of different forms for a number of years, many international organizations, nations, organizations and individuals have currently been making attempts for the reduction or elimination of corrupt activities as these have harmful impact over the quality of life being maintained by the citizens and the economies at local level (Lambsdorff, 2007). From the perspective of corporate worlds, there are less chances of representing a significant level of concern or risk. Bribery is the one form of payments sought by the officials of public or in another way offered by the agents of the private company. References Abbink, K. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: an experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), pp. 887906. Abbink, K. (2012). Letting the Briber Go Free: An Experiment on Mitigating Harassment Bribes, Working Paper. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2166221. Abbink, K., (2006). Neutral versus loaded instructions in a bribery experiment. Experimental Economics, 9(2), pp. 103121. Apesteguia, J. (2007). Blowing the Whistle. Economic Theory, 31(1), pp. 143166. Barr, A. (2009). The effects of externalities and framing on bribery in a petty corruption experiment. Experimental Economics, 12(4), pp. 488503. Basu, K. (2011). Why, for a Class of Bribes, the Act of Giving a Bribe should be Treated as Legal, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Brenner, S. (2009). An empirical study of the European corporate leniency program. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 27(6), pp. 639645. Buccirossi, P. (2006). Leniency policies and illegal transactions. Journal of Public Economics, 90(67), pp. 12811297. Gorodnichenko, Y. (2007). Public sector pay and corruption: Measuring bribery from micro data. Journal of Public Economics, 91(56), pp. 963991. Lambsdorff, J. G. (2007). Fighting Corruption with Asymmetric Penalties and Leniency, (No. 59). CEGE Discussion Paper.

Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals

The word curriculum comes from a Latin word currere, which means the course of the chariot race or run. According to Smith and Lovat (2003), curriculum is a cultural reproduction that has structures involving independent thinking and social responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McCarthy and McCarthy (2005) defines curriculum as a reconstruction of knowledge and skills that enables one exercise intelligent control over changing life conditions. In a general view, curriculum is all the courses offered in schools as well as universities. It involves lessons and teaching aimed at helping learners to learn the basics that will help them for life after school. When a learner finishes his/her study as per the course requirements, he/she receives certification document, which helps him/her in the future for a certain k ind of job. However, core curriculum is an asset of courses that undergraduate does, which is necessary yet chosen by the students. It aimed at transforming the learner as it gives room for learners to exercise their talents and abilities. One should not confuse between a curriculum and a syllabus; the latter is narrowed on expectations within a school system. On the other hand, a curriculum is a broad expectation from a societal perspective. Curriculum development is exceptionally vital in achieving the education goals. It contains a systematic approach that respects the needs of the students in line with their different fields. Curriculum development starts from definition to its final goals on education. Curriculum developers should do this by selecting tools and integrating various values that they find in a particular curriculum. In developing a curriculum, the administrators include courses that students should learn and the strategies that implementers must follow during the learning process. The first process of curriculum development involves key subjects, which involves creating a mission statement for the entire process (Skinner, 2010). Markedly, curriculum shaping uses a student-centred approach; this approach encourages learners’ involvement in the learning process. In curriculum development, organizations that represent students are always included in this process; they bring in the interests of the students on board. These student representatives outline what they expect the curriculum to have in the end.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach of including the students’ representatives raises the quality of the education process since learners will easily adopt a curriculum that considers their interests. For instance, in a medical institution, the curriculum merges both the educational theory and methodology thereby making th e evaluation processes an inclusive and efficient course. A systematic approach of curriculum design provides high-quality evidence on both the short and long-term effects that the curriculum will have on the learners. This approach improves the education process an institution. Curriculum development ensures continuous education as it solves students’ problems including education costs which is an essential activity. Curriculum designing process evaluates teachings, select learning, and evaluation methods. Moreover, it designs a learning process and assesses the needs of learners in an education system of a country. In addition, it develops rationale as well as revises designed goals in the learning sector and chooses instructions on various learning methods to students in order to aid in curriculum development. In developing a curriculum, the developers should design, implement, and evaluate it in a systematic way (Brady Kennedy, 2010). In the planning process, a curriculu m development committee is convened. Then the committee identifies key issues and the trends in a detailed area of content. Notably, this step focuses on the initiation curriculum development. The committee does this by defining deficits, skills, or attitude existing in the current curriculum. The Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority (ACARA) have been at the central point in developing a curriculum that caters for Kindergarten to Year 12 in Australia. ACARA uses a four-point process in developing the curriculum. The process includes outlining the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders that take part in the entire process, elaborating on the key features of the four phases of curriculum development process, the crucial conditions to curriculum development and timelines for each activity in the curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, the curriculum developer abides by the requirements of the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians; the Declaration stresses on the significance of knowledge, skills, and learning on a broad category in order to inculcate all necessities in the 21st century (MCEETYA, 2008). The Australian Curriculum has been designed to ensure that all learners actively take part in community development. In addition, it is a curriculum, which meets all the needs of learners and enhances growth of students by describing all their entitlement during schooling. Moreover, ACARA consults states and territories in designing and developing the Australian Curriculum. In specific, this body involves Education Authorities from all states in the development process of the curriculum. The Melbourne Declaration stipulated the need for equity and excellence among all the schools in Australia (ACARA, 2012). It goes further to outline the need for the curriculum to transform students to creative, confident, independent, and innovative individuals. Markedly, the Declaration has altered the Australian Curriculum to a world-class standard that is essential in the current technological world of the twenty-first century. ACARA on its part has committed to producing a curriculum that is inclusive since it is designed after a wide consultation. It also commits to developing a curriculum that has time bound and achievable activities. In the implementation process, teachers play a key role in ensuring that the goals and objectives of the curriculum are achieved. During the testing stage, the teachers are also the primary stakeholders in this process. This is due to their direct contact with the learners who are the beneficiary of the designed curriculum. Therefore, curriculum administrators should include the teachers in all stages of curriculum development process. Using Australia as an example, the teachers are the one s who understand the entry behaviours of the students better than other stakeholders do. This direct interaction with learners makes it possible for teachers to provide the necessary skills that ought to be included in the curriculum.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since ACARA designs a curriculum that inculcate all the needs of all the learners at all levels, teachers are well placed to assist in this as they are from multiple grade levels. From this point, teachers are planners in developing an inclusive and efficient curriculum. Teachers also help in curriculum creation by gauging whether an activity will be achievable within a specified period. Properly designed curriculums always have time limits in which all activities have to follow. Inclusion of teachers in curriculum creation enhances their confidence when presenting it to the final users, the students. Inclusion of the teachers’ concerns will make them own the entire curriculum thereby ensuring proper implementation (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Curriculum leaders should actively involve these classroom and school controllers in curricular decision-making since they have a direct link with the final users of the curriculum. Further, this group of stakeholders implements the curriculum in any state or territory. The Australian Curriculum is flexible to enable teachers choose from a variety of options or design their personal components into the curriculum during actual implementation. Teachers go to the classrooms with plans on how to handle different topics within a given time. In this connection, teachers extract a syllabus from the curriculum and design their own schemes of work and lesson plans to use in classrooms. In addition, teachers assist in reflecting on the curriculum in order to identify any weakness that needs to be corrected. They can do this through surveys from students, keeping educational journals and magazines, and conducting a review on students’ performance. This method is helpful in creating a new curriculum that includes the interests of all stakeholders. Clearly, the teachers’ roles in curriculum design and development process are extremely significant; therefore, senior administrators at the curriculum development centres, ACARA for instance, should never ignore the teachers’ roles, responsibilities, and contributions in the entire process. Other stakeholders in curriculum development process include the Ministry of Education, Parents, Inspectors, Principals, and the community religious affiliation. The Ministry of Education plays essential roles in developing the Australian Curriculum; for instance, ACARA is a body under this ministry. As a result, the ministry supervises all the activities that ACARA carries out. The Permanent Secretary in this ministry ensures that funds are availed to aid the entire curriculum development process. In meeting this objective, the ministry carries out an annual national budget on the educational requirements in all the states and territories in Australia. In Australia, efforts by the ministry have enabled them to avail the curriculum in an online environment hence making it accessible to all stakeholders for implementation. ACARA must also consult th e community in which the curriculum is to be implemented in to ensure that the provisions in the curriculum support the beliefs and economic practices in the region. For instance, the curriculum must consider the religious affiliation of a community in designing the curriculum. If this does not occur, the community may be rebellious thereby resulting to failure in curriculum implementation (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Additionally, local communities know what they expect to occur in their villages based on their economic activity; therefore, they can assist in designing a curriculum that encompasses all their needs. ACARA divided the curriculum development into three phases in which English, Mathematics, and Science fall under the first phase. The curriculum developer believes that English helps in creating confident communicators and imaginative thinkers (Glasson, 2009). It has divided English into writing, speaking, and literacy. During curriculum design and development, ACARA inculcates activities in the English syllabus that will mould learners to be ethical, skilful, knowledgeable, and active members of the society. In addition, it assists learners to develop interest in inquiring the aesthetic component of English and appreciate the literature. The Australian Curriculum appreciates the need for effective communication among its citizens in order to remain competitive in the international market. Clearly, this curriculum promotes both national and international unity. The social set-up in a community can affect the design of a curriculum. For instance, a pastoral community will find it useful to have a curriculum that promotes their way of life. Notably, a curriculum that promotes an act like gay marriage in a society that believes in Christian values will not succeed in implementation. In addition, the political system of a country affects the outline of a curriculum (McCarthy McCarthy, 2005). Politicians also can add their views on what they expect in the curriculum. The first step of curriculum development is the needs assessment stage; it involves identifying the sources of funds, dissemination processes, and the methodologies that are suitable in the evaluation process. Curriculum developers conduct substantial researches to analyse the work of educators and practitioners in implementing the curriculum; the research can extend towards public health, epidemiology and resource utilization. Therefore, needs assessment decides on the requirements of the education research question. In the second process, there is the overall assessment of the general needs of the prospective learners. The curriculum development team comes out with the needs after investigating the errors in the practice. They can carry this investigation in a medical or any educational institute. For example, the curriculum development committee expects a graduate student to be able to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in making clear judgements, and comm unicating fluently. If the graduates fail on these expectations, the development committee assesses the errors that the student displays. In the medicine sector, for instance, the curriculum development committee does not only ask the graduate students on their expectations but also ask the communities on their expectations. In this stage, every institution prepares the mission statements, which contain reasons for their existence (Smith Lovat, 2003). Remarkably, the mission statement can include aspects of students’ skills and performance. Further, the statement draws the curriculum expectations from the graduate students and the stakeholders any educational institution. In the field of medicine, ministries representative of health, healthcare and education are included in the mission statement. The mission statement in a medical institute will cover health care role and medical services in the society. Besides, it includes training and research activities that the learners wii undertake within the institute. The third process involves identification and description of goals and objectives of the curriculum review process. The courses and subjects ought to inculcate goals that are similar to the mission and vision of learning institutions within the country. To ensure curriculum implementation is successful, education philosophy of an institution must be included hence reaching the mission of the institution. Learning entails what a graduate student will display at the end of schooling; therefore, meeting this objective requires a commitment towards realization of the goals of the entire curriculum. The outcomes of the learning process can either be coherent with the objectives of education or not (Darling-Hammond et al., 2008). Moreover, institutions have to encompass their culture in the curriculum to enable graduate students get a clear picture of what the course expects of them. Markedly, curriculum presentation determines the directions which lea rning processes take. The fourth process involves the strategies of education; they include the type of educational environment and elements that the curriculum should communicate. It also involves content organization within the curriculum and finally in the syllabus, which are prepared in advance. The content includes different approaches of teaching various subjects, for example, the heuristic approach of teaching. The educational strategies include student centred methods where the curriculum proposes for active participation of students in the learning process. In this strategy, a student has to decide the learning methodology, the content and scope of their study (Drake, 2007). The second strategy involves problem solving where a learner goes through a clinical problem solving process; the student gathers and present information in this strategy. The fifth step is the implementation stage. First, the management carries out a trial on implementing the curriculum where the roles and responsibilities of students are defined. It is vital to have a friendly atmosphere in the institute where the implementation process is taking place. In this stage, the curriculum implementers continue identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum in order to make necessary changes that will advance and enrich educational institutions. Besides, it enhances the teaching skills through seminars and workshops. In the implementation department, healthy relationships should be encouraged; this improves cooperation among the implementers in delivering on the curriculum expectations (McCarthy McCarthy, 2005). For a successful curriculum reform, departments have to work together since there will be sharing of new and different ideas between them. Additionally, the departments should exercise both horizontal and vertical communication system. Courses in educational institutions should be well organised according to the needs of the learners. It involves lesson timetable, teaching and learning methods, teaching requirements and criteria of assessment. Teaching methods for different courses should be selected; the selection methodology bases its assumptions on the learners’ abilities, as it is a learning process, which fully involves the learners. Moreover, development of human recourse is included in this curriculum developing process (Fogarty, 1997). Qualification in a certain field is a vital requirement in the implementation of curriculum. The sixth process of curriculum development is evaluation. It presents the final stage that provides evidence if the institute is operating as required. This final stage evaluates rates of students pass, interpersonal and psychological ability, as well as professional satisfaction. In addition, it evaluates issues of curriculum compliance of goals and objectives with the intended functions to identify weaknesses that require amendment. At this stage, continuous feedback is necessary to enable modification s and alterations in the curriculum; it aids in creating an inclusive curriculum for all learners in a county. References ACARA. (2012). Curriculum Development Process Paper (Version 6 April 2012). ACARA Home. Web. Brady, L., Kennedy, K. (2010). Curriculum construction (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia. Darling-Hammond, L., Barron, B., Pearson, D., Schoenfeld, A., Stage, E., Zimmerman, T., Cervetti, G., Tilson, J. (2008). Powerful learning: what we know about teaching for understanding. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Drake, S. (2007). Creating standards based integrated curriculum: aligning curriculum, content, assessment and instruction (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. 10. Fogarty, R. (1997). Problem-based learning and other curriculum models for the multiple intelligence classroom. Melbourne: Hawker Brownlow Education. Glasson, T. (2009). Improving student achievement: a practical guide to assessment for learning. Melbourne: Curriculum Corp. McCarthy B., McCarthy , D. (2005). Teaching around the 4MAT Cycle: Designing Instruction for Diverse Learners with Diverse Learning Styles. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. MCEETYA. (2008). Melbourne Declaration on Educational goals for young Australians. Canberra:MCEETYA. Skinner D. (2010). Effective Teaching and Learning in Practice. London New York: Continuum. Smith D Lovat T. (2003). Curriculum: Action on Reflection (4th ed.). Wentworth: Social Science Press. This essay on Curriculum Development Role in Achieving the Education Goals was written and submitted by user Deborah Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marijuanas history in the United States Essays

Marijuanas history in the United States Essays Marijuanas history in the United States Essay Marijuanas history in the United States Essay Marijuanas history in the United States dates back to its colonization. In fact many prominent historical American figures such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson have grown marijuana on plantations. This was mostly for the plants fiber known as hemp. Although in Washingtons case there are suspicions of weather or not he was growing for personal use as well (Andrews p. 403). But even with our presidents growing pot it was still largely unknown as a drug of abuse until the early 1940s when it was becoming popular among famous jazz musicians such as Miles Davis, and Charlie Mingus, and due to the fact that most jazz musicians who were using marijuana in this time period were black, white America saw it as a low class black mans drug. (www. erowid. org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_timeline. php3). This led to white America launching what is known as the Reefer Madness campaign. A propaganda campaign built on lies and hearsay such as, marijuana smokers, or dope fiends as the Reefer Madness films referred to them, are deviant criminals who will murder you in the street for drug money (Andrews p. 229). The campaign seemed to be working during the 40s and 50s because marijuana was still largely unknown to middle America, but in the 60s marijuana use came back in a big way with young college students, hippies, and popular musicians (Earleywine p. 295). This led people to see the truth about marijuana. That it is relatively harmless and can be used safely for recreation. Which brings us to today and the debate about whether or not marijuana should be legalized. Today in the United States Marijuana is classified as a DEA schedule I drug in all of its forms. A drug that is classified as DEA schedule I is a drug that has a high potential for abuse, has no accepted medial use in treatment in the united states, and has a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. This federal scheduling was disputed in 1988 by judge Francis Young, an administrative law judge for the DEA, who recommended that marijuana be re-classified as schedule II on the grounds that if a respectable minority of doctors endorse it then it has a currently accepted medical use. (www. erowid. org/psychoactives/law). But even with the efforts of people like Judge Young, the United States is known for having fairly harsh marijuana penalties. In Britain marijuana is schedule I class B, and on July 10th 2002 was moved from class B to class C due to the British home secretary David Blunkett. Now in Britain simple possession is treated on a simple seize and warn basis. After making the decision to downgrade marijuanas scheduling Blunkett said that Cannabis is a potentially harmful drug and should remain illegal. However, it is not comparable with crack, heroin, or ecstasy. A greater differentiation between drugs which kill and drugs that cause harm is both scientifically justified and educationally sensible. (www. guardian. co. uk/drugs/story/0,2763,580507,00. html). Since this move towards decriminalization the United Kingdoms street crime numbers have been cut in half. The numbers of robberies and muggings in southern London have fallen nearly 50 percent. And in the Lambeth borough police reported 468 robberies and muggings in April as compared with the 916 last October (www. norml. org/index. cfm? Group_ID=5309). Canada is another country that is making steps toward decriminalization. On September 4 2002 members of a special Senate committee unanimously urged Parliament to amend federal law to allow for the regulated use possession and distribution of marijuana for recreational use and medicinal purposes. The committee said in its 600 page report that Scientific evidence overwhelmingly indicates that cannabis is substantially less harmful than alcohol and should be treated not as a criminal issue but as a social and public health issue Whether or not an individual uses marijuana should be a personal choice that is not subject to criminal penalties. [Therefore,] we have come to the conclusion that, as a drug, it should be regulated by the state much as we do for wine and beer, hence our preference for legalization over decriminalization. ( norml. org/index. cfm? Group_ID=5405). The researchers believe that marijuana prohibition poses a greater risk to health that marijuana use. They said in their report that We believe that the continued prohibition of cannabis jeopardizes the health and well-being of Canadians much more then does the substance itself or the regulated market of the substance. In addition, we believe that the continued criminalization of cannabis undermines the fundamental values set out in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canada has also seen a drop in serious crime as a result of lax marijuana enforcement over the past decade. So if decriminalizing pot in other countries has worked than why cant it work in the United States. Studies show that Marijuana is safer then cigarettes and alcohol ( norml. org/index. cfm? Group_ID=5405), and that decriminalization will allow law enforcement agencies to concentrate their efforts on more serious problems, and will generate more money for the economy. Studies show that the health issues that marijuana raises are actually less hazardous then cigarettes. Studies also show that marijuana is not a gateway drug, it does not lead to the commission of crime, and that users are not likely to become dependent. One study also showed that it is easier for underage teens to obtain pot then tobacco ( norml. org/index. cfm? Group_ID=5386) despite the fact that tobacco is targeted at adolescents (Shepard, Greene p. 213). This shows that our nations drug war is failing and that our resources need to be targeted elsewhere. Canadian justice minister agrees with this statement saying that If you look at the system [America] has in place, keeping marijuana criminal is not very efficient, police currently spend too much time and resources prosecuting marijuana offenders. ( norml. org/index. cfm?Group_ID=5350). Legalizing marijuana would also have positive effects as well. A Nevada proposal to regulate and tax marijuana use by adults would raise an additional $28. 6 million in annual state revenue, according to a study by the Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV). The Center based its financial calculations by estimating that 75,000 people five percent of the states population would use an average of 12 grams of marijuana per month. The Center imposed the same tax rate on marijuana that already exists on tobacco products (norml. org/index. cfm? Group_ID=5439). In conclusion marijuana should be legalized in the United States for not only medicinal but recreational use as well. The evidence makes it obvious that marijuana is not dangerous and can make our country better if we legalize it. The appointees in the Shaffer commission knew it when they recommended the decriminalization of pot to President Nixon in 72 (www. erowid. org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_timeline. php3), Jimmy Carter knew it when he endorsed the decriminalization of marijuana in 77, and now you know it.

Business Ethics - Hiring, Firing, and Discrimination (U4DB) Essay

Business Ethics - Hiring, Firing, and Discrimination (U4DB) - Essay Example This pictures employers recruiting people to join in their companies. Employers open their doors to women and minorities for them to use their skills and education, and maintain their status without pressuring them to compete with males and the majorities in terms of capabilities, ethnicity, education, religion, and social status. These remedies go with the three moral philosophies based on consequences, rights, and duties. Employers must be well aware that people need to be given equal opportunities to work. It is immoral if discrimination in the workplace still exists because it hinders job applicants to land in jobs, and be productive. Every individual has his own right to be respected by others. This coincides with the rights philosophy that by respecting the rights of women and minorities, the moral act is being practiced as well. In relation to the rights philosophy, employers must faithfully adhere with the policies against discrimination by considering the remedies mentioned above. This is their duty as employers in hiring applicants. In conclusion, women and minorities have many things to offer beyond their education. They have incomparable skills that will fit into jobs in the market today. All they need are chances. The three moral philosophies are consistent with the remedies established by various organizations to address discrimination. They seem to be appropriate forms of remedy against discrimination with women and minorities trying to find a living to support their families. Policies established by various organizations aim to protect the rights of every woman, and any member of the minority

Managing Organisations, People and Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Organisations, People and Self - Essay Example Hole in the Wall is an organization that seems to be performing dismally. The organization’s problems are deep rooted from the testimony of the proprietor, John Barker. One of the main problem facing the organization is low motivation among employees. Another problem that the organization is facing is poor management. Yet another major problem that the company is facing relates to the lack of cooperation amongst employees. This paper will discuss the main problems facing Hole in the Wall and will present recommendations on how the problems can be solved. Employee Motivation One major problem that is hampering the progress of Hole in the Wall is low motivation among employees. From the testimony of Barker, it is evident that the employees working for the organization have low morale. This is evident from the fact that the level of employee absenteeism is quite high. Sally, the receptionist, has been absent from work for the last five days without the manager actually knowing th e reason behind her absenteeism. Yet another pointer to the low morale that the employees are facing is the high turnover. The business proprietor notes that one of the fitting teams has quit. This means that the company has lost two valuable employees. There are several reasons behind the low motivation that the employees of Hole in the Wall are experiencing. One of the factors behind the low motivation may relate to low pay. The employees mostly earn on commission without a monthly salary. Yet another reason for the low motivation that the employees experience relate to the management style being applied by the company’s proprietor. Barker seems not to be concerned about the welfare of his employees. This is evident in the fact that when some of his employees come to report the problems that they are facing, he dismisses them without giving an ear to what they have to say. It is said that highly motivated employees are more productive than demoralized employees are. Abraham Maslow noted in his hierarchy of needs theory that people are motivated differently. According to Maslow, what motivates one employee may not necessarily motivate another employee (Keller 2013, p. 38). This is because the needs of individuals differ from one person to another. Therefore, in managing employees, a manager needs to understand the needs of its workers in order to motivate them accordingly. Managers can use a variety of methods to maintain a motivated staff. One of the most effective ways of motivating employees is by creating a hospitable working environment for employees (Keller 2013, p. 40). Most employees are motivated when they work in an environment where employers understand them and fulfil their needs and desires. Managers can motivate their employees by creating an environment in which employees are free to discuss their issues with the management. Employers can also motivate their staff in the workplace by offering rewards for exceptional performance. Stein (2 010, p. 30) argued that a good manager is one who is able to recognize the achievement of his or her employees and reward accordingly. The reward may be in the form of salary increment, promotion, or gifts. For instance, researchers have found that employees with higher need for a salary increment are highly motivated

Analyzing the Flesh and the Spirit by Anne Bradstreet

Analyzing the Flesh and the Spirit by Anne Bradstreet Five Literary Criticisms Throughout history, there have been many religious faiths and practices that aim the same goal in different ways. One of them was Puritanism and the Puritan believed that the best way to gain admission to heaven was to focus on how sinful they were. Anne Bradstreet was the first Puritan figure in American Literature and in her poem titled The Flesh and the Spirit, she discussed Puritan practices. This essay will analyses the poem with 5 literary criticisms, including Marxist Criticism, Feminist Criticism, New Criticism, Reader-response Criticism, and Psychoanalytic Criticism. Starting with the Marxist Criticism, we need to look at the eras economic conditions first. Anne Bradstreet lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the colony was highly dependent on the import of staples from England. The Puritan dislike of ostentation led the colony to also regulate expenditures on what it perceived as luxury items. Items of personal adornment were frowned upon. In the poem, we see two characters discussing what kind of life people should have. The sister named Flesh tries to explain to her sister named Spirit that the World has everything that could keep them happy and content. Fleshs this kind of approach to the earthly goods is totally against Puritan believes. As the colony Bradstreet lived in already frowned upon luxury items, the sister Spirit says, My Crown not Diamonds, Pearls, and gold, / But such as Angels heads infold. Here, she means that she doesnt have a materialist personality. The poet, Bradstreet, reflects her colonys world-view for the economic matters in those lines. When we try to analyze this poem using the Feminist Criticism, we simply need to ask some questions regarding to poets sex, education, and then look at the characters. The poet was a woman. And when we read her biography, we see that she didnt attend any school but was educated by his father. This informs us that she lived in a male-dominant society because girls didnt attend school even if her father was a steward. The characters in the poem are also girls and they discuss religious matters. Here, the author breaks the male-dominant society and makes her female characters question the religious matters, especially the Puritanism. When the subject is religion, one shouldnt even question the most unimportant thing. But the sister Flesh questions it and all she says is totally against the Puritanism seen in the poets colony. Since the poet herself is a woman, we can assume that a woman discusses a religious practice in a male-dominant society. Analyzing a poem with New Criticism requires a person not to take background information of the poet, poets other works or the story in the poem into consideration. When we read what Spirit says about earthly goods and how she criticizes what Flesh claims that people need to enjoy them, we can understand that this poem reflects the Puritan beliefs. Words used in the poem belong to the English spoken at least 350 years ago. Metaphors were also used in the poem. The character Flesh is a metaphor for earthly items, such as diamonds, pearls, and gold. The poem is not also in a stanza form. It looks like a wall of text. This means that the poet didnt want to separate what is wanted to mean. It means that the poem is all about the same thing. Rhymes used in the poem also makes it sound better and that way it attracts readers attention. When I try to analyze this poem as a reader with the Reader-response Criticism, I can directly say that this poem is about Puritanism; therefore, religion. Since Spirit seems to be more dominant in the poem, the poets environment is a Puritan society. Id say this poem is not different than other religious poems because they all aim one goal: Heaven. It is the way they discuss what to do in order to go to Heaven. Flesh seems to be a sinner character whom readers should avoid. I dont know whether its okay to blame a character to praise a religion or religious practice, but this kind of behavior would make me more uninterested in that religion or practice. As the verses say, No Candle there, nor yet Torch light, / For there shall be no darksome night. they just sound to be impressive sentences that attract people to that religion no different than that of all religions have. To analyze this poem with the Psychoanalytic Criticism, we need to analyze the characters thoughts, their fears, and what they do to suppress their fears.   When we look at what Spirit says in the poem, we can understand that her core issue is fear of God; thus, she adopted the Puritan beliefs in order to go to Heaven. On the other hand, Flesh is just opposite of Spirit. She displays everything that is against fear of God. This can also be interpreted to be an avoidance as her defense mechanism, since she tries to avoid any religious thoughts and want to enjoy all earthly pleasures. To sum up, this essay tried to analyze the poem titled The Flesh and the Spirit by Anne Bradstreet with 5 literary criticisms. With the Marxist Criticism, we looked at the eras economic conditions and tried to reflect Bradstreets colonys world-view for the economic matters in her poems verses. Using the Feminist Criticism, we tried to explain how Bradstreet broke the man-dominated society and used her female characters to discuss religious matters. With New Criticism, we tried to show figures of speech and what the poems form means. Reader-response Criticism was used to explain what the author of this paper understood from the poem. And finally, with the Psychoanalytic Criticism, we tried to identify characters core issues and their defense mechanisms.

Albert Speer - Differing Historical Interpretations :: essays research papers

They are many factors influencing the different historical interpretations of Albert Speer. The most influential was Speer’s own character construction of himself in his defence at the Nuremberg trials. This view was held by a majority of historians until Matthias Schmidt found holes in Speer’s story. A large blow was dealt to Speer’s own construction of his role in Nazi Germany when the Walters’ chronicles were released containing various incriminating evidence. There are still a number of historians who prefer to view Albert Speer as the Good Nazi, even though most historians now believe that the image created by Speer of himself was self-serving and false. Speer’s well structured and thought out defence shaped historical interpretation for years to come. At Nuremberg he presented himself as a pure technician and not involved in the politics or ideology of the party. He also claimed collective responsibility for crimes against Jews but also his ignorance of the Nazi intentions. As he stated at a later time: â€Å"I just stood aside and said to myself that as long as I did not personally participate it had nothing to do with me. My toleration for the anti Semitic campaign made me responsible for it.† This admission of guilt won a fair amount of sympathy from the court. The reasons he gave for being with the Nazi party was that he was taken by Hitler’s personality and also realised that if he was to achieve his dream as an architect he will have to sell his soul to the party. This image of Speer was to be accepted for a while by most historians and was given little attention. This was probably because Speer was a litt le less ‘spectacular’ than Hitler’s other henchmen. There were however some suspicions. John Galbraith, a member of the US team that debriefed Speer before the Nuremberg trial, said in Life magazine 1945 that Speer’s claims contained â€Å"elements of fantasy†. He also believed that Speer’s confession was a part of his â€Å"well developed strategy of self vindication and survival.† Most historians believed in Speer’s testimonies until Wolters’ Chronicles were released. W Shirer The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), A Bullock Hitler a Study in Tyranny (1962), and Joachim Fest The Face on the Third Reich (1970) all portray Speer as the good Nazi, the apolitical technocrat and a repentant German. Raul Hilberg, in The Destruction of the European Jews (1973) discusses in passing Speer’s involvement in the ‘Jewish affair’ but he does not delve in the matter.

Dead White Males Essay Essay

The two opposing ideologies in this play are liberal humanism and post-structuralism. How are they represented? How does the play operate to position the audience to finally prefer one above the other? Dead White Males is a play about a sexually deprived lecturer, Dr Grant Swain, who attempts and almost succeeds in bedding one of his students, Angela Judd, by utilising his position in the university, and by imbuing his views upon his students. Alongside this plot is the conflict between two ideologies, liberal humanism and post-structuralism. Angela, the main character of the play is compelled to make a choice between post-structuralism represented by Dr Swain, and liberal humanism, (Shakespeare), who is constantly opposed and criticised by Swain. By the end of act one it is quite obvious who the villain of this play is. In the opening scene the villain first shows his destructive nature through his unnecessary violence. â€Å"ANGELA How is it that you know so much about us? [SHAKES PEARE is just about to answer when a MAN in his thirties, dressed in fashionable casual clothes appears behind him.] MAN He doesn’t you know. [The MAN pulls out a pistol and shoots SHAKESPEARE dead. ANGELA looks at the MAN, horrified]† (Pp 1) The man in this scene is of course Dr Grant Swain, and his dramatic entrance encourages us to dislike him, because we feel it is wrong to shoot people for no apparent reason. Swain appears to us the villain, due to his unmistakable character, for, aside from his violent episodes, we find that he is interested in only one thing. Sex. He tries to hit on Angela, but she declines his offer. After Melissa accepts his offer of dinner later on, he quickly and conveniently loses interest in Angela making it obvious that he was concerned with only one thing. Another quality we disfavour him for is his over-confidence. From the beginning of the play, when introducing himself and his course, he is â€Å"animated by the intense certainty that he has a supremely important message to communicate and is enormously well equipped to deliver it.† Swain endeavours to shoot Shakespeare several times, and although this is only in Angela’s imagination, we are positioned to agree with Angelaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s attitude towards Swain because she is one of the sympathetic characters. The audience sees Angela as one of the â€Å"good guys†. She is a sympathetic character, and her circumstances as well as her attributes position us to see her as such. Sympathy is evoked for her: 1. Because she seems naive, and readily falls prey to Swain’s way of thinking 2. Because she is a victim of the villain 3. She has been deprived of the nurturing her mother should have provided 4. Because she has suffered through her childhood as a result of her parents’ â€Å"happy marriage† 5. When she is embarrassed in front of Steve Also she defends Col, and takes on the rest of the family. In doing so she becomes a sort of heroine, defending the helpless and upholding the truth, and this positions us to like her character even more. The warring ideologies in this play are represented not only as favourable and unfavourable in this play, but also by certain characters. By establishing who are the â€Å"good guys† and who are the â€Å"bad guys†, the representation of the characters’ respective ideologies are also determined. Post-structuralism is without doubt the unfavourable ideology in this play. This is sim ply because it is expended through the villain of the play. Even though Angela admits that she ‘think(s) there is some truth in what he (Swain) says’ (Pp 80) the fact that Swain subscribes to post-structuralism still conquers, causing post-structuralism to seem as flimsy as its subscriber does. Even when Angela reprimands Shakespeare for his disgraceful casting of women, liberal humanism still holds its approval above post-structuralism, as Shakespeare asks to be wished back to an era of sanity, implying that Angela’s views are insane. Because post-structuralism is the unfavoured ideology, liberal humanism has no other option but to be seen as the favoured one. It’s values and attitudes are mouthed by unobjectionable characters and so are preferred over that of post-structuralism. The play operates by using conventions such as characterisation/casting, tone, dialogue, and conflicts, as well as using our own ideologies to position us to view all the characters and ideologies as we do. When there are conflicts between the characters we instinctively choose sides, as we look for a character to feel for and a character to be disinclined to. This helps to support liberal humanism throughout the play, as in each individual conflict we find that the pitiable characte rs are those that speak the patriarchal type ideologies, whereas the aggressive characters mouth the more modern ideologies. This occurs between Swain and Shakespeare, Col and his daughters, Col and Sarah, and Sarah and Martin. The casting and characterisation of Dead White Males plays a major part in determining who and what are preferred above the others. By having certain  characters approve certain ideologies, it encourages the audience to also approve or disapprove of those ideologies. Swain an objectionable character is so very offensive because of his character. He is power hungry, as well as sex orientated as we see in his reaction to Melissa’s let down. ‘SWAIN You’ve really made and idiot of me, haven’t you? MELISSA Are you saying the marks you gave me weren’t genuine, because if you are – SWAIN Of course there were genuine, but – MELISSA Good marks equals sex. Is that what was going on in your mind? SWAIN No! For God’s sake this was not a case of exploitation. I have grown extremely fond of you! [ANGELA enters. SWAIN makes a great effort to control his anger.’ (Pp 91) By using him to mouth the more passive ideology, the audience becomes less receptive to it. However it is not enough to just have the good guys endorsing the dominant ideology, and the more offensive guys endorsing the bad one, for the audience to accept the prominent ideology. So the good guy (Angela) becomes a victim of the evil post structuralism, and then is shown the light. In the end she succumbs to liberal humanism causing the audience to look upon it favourably. Ironically, the majority of the males in this play are far from the liberal humanist version of the typical dominant male. They are all somewhat spineless to s certain extent and are all victims of their dominant ideology. Swain, being ridiculed for his view, Col being abused by his family for being loyal to a mate, Steve and Martin, both being not very assertive and so are run down by their lack of confidence. The females too are far from their docile liberal humanist stereotype. Sarah is a headstrong feminist, Melissa is ready to give Swain exactly what he deserves and Angela is almost bullies her father a s much as the rest of the females do. In fact the characters although mouthing liberal humanist beliefs (well, some of them) actually conform to post-structuralist stereotyping. However, this juxtaposition of the cast with the plot only reinforces liberal humanist attitudes, suggesting that if the males and females had been playing their respective roles then perhaps the story would not have been so miserable. The play uses our own ideology as well to make us choose one of the plays ideologies above the other. Note that it is very difficult to gain the support for an alternative ideology from an audience when dominant ideology of our society is liberal humanism. The two opposing ideologies in this play are liberal humanism and post-structuralism. Dead White Males operates by  using techniques such as characterisation to position us to prefer one ideology above the other. The main way the play does this is by having an objectionable character, mouth the values and attitudes of post-structuralism, causing us to prefer liberal humanism. In the end I feel there is only a slight preference of one over the other because although Swain is the villain who shoots himself in the foot, much of what he says is historical fact. Bibliography : Dead White Males by David Williamson